Cloud-baserede PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication Systems) og teleradiology-tjenester forvandler medicinsk billede ved at tillade fjerntliggende adgang til diagnostiske billeder. Men at flytte patientdata til cloud-miljøer kræver omhyggeligt opmærksomhed på privatliv og sikkerhed. Denne guide viser, hvordan man implementerer DICOM anonymisering for cloud og teleradiology arbejdstrømme ved hjælp af Aspose.Medical for .NET.

Hvorfor anonyme for Cloud og Teleradiologi?

Når DICOM-billeder forlader hospitalnetværket til cloudopbevaring eller fjernlæsning, gælder yderligere privatlivsvurderinger:

  • Data residens: Patientdata kan krydse geografiske grænser, hvor forskellige regler finder anvendelse
  • Tredjeparts adgang: Cloud-udbydere og teleradiologi-tjenester er forretningsmedlemmer under HIPAA
  • Netværksoverførsel: Data via internettet kræver yderligere beskyttelse
  • Multi-tenant miljøer: Cloud-systemer kan opbevare data fra flere sundhedsorganisationer
  • Remote radiologer: Eksterne læsere behøver måske ikke adgang til patientidentifikatorer

Anonymisering skaber et sikkerhedsskala, der beskytter patientens privatliv, selvom andre sikkerhedsmæssige foranstaltninger mislykkes.

Cloud Upload Anonymisering

Skab en tjeneste, der anonymiserer DICOM-filer før cloud-opladning:

using Aspose.Medical.Dicom;
using Aspose.Medical.Dicom.Anonymization;

public class CloudUploadAnonymizer
{
    private readonly ConfidentialityProfile _profile;
    private readonly Dictionary<string, string> _studyIdMapping;
    private readonly string _organizationPrefix;

    public CloudUploadAnonymizer(string organizationPrefix)
    {
        _organizationPrefix = organizationPrefix;
        _studyIdMapping = new Dictionary<string, string>();
        
        // Create profile optimized for cloud storage
        var options = ConfidentialityProfileOptions.BasicProfile |
                      ConfidentialityProfileOptions.RetainDeviceIdentity |
                      ConfidentialityProfileOptions.CleanDescriptions;
        
        _profile = ConfidentialityProfile.CreateDefault(options);
    }

    public CloudUploadResult AnonymizeForCloud(string inputPath, string outputPath)
    {
        var result = new CloudUploadResult
        {
            OriginalPath = inputPath,
            ProcessedAt = DateTime.UtcNow
        };

        try
        {
            DicomFile dicomFile = DicomFile.Open(inputPath);
            var dataset = dicomFile.Dataset;
            
            // Capture original identifiers for mapping
            string originalStudyUid = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.StudyInstanceUID);
            string originalPatientId = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.PatientID);
            string originalAccession = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.AccessionNumber);
            
            // Generate cloud-safe identifiers
            string cloudStudyId = GetOrCreateCloudStudyId(originalStudyUid);
            
            result.OriginalStudyUID = originalStudyUid;
            result.CloudStudyId = cloudStudyId;
            result.OriginalPatientId = originalPatientId;
            
            // Apply anonymization
            var anonymizer = new Anonymizer(_profile);
            anonymizer.Anonymize(dataset);
            
            // Apply cloud-specific identifiers
            dataset.AddOrUpdate(DicomTag.PatientID, $"{_organizationPrefix}-{cloudStudyId}");
            dataset.AddOrUpdate(DicomTag.PatientName, $"CloudStudy^{cloudStudyId}");
            dataset.AddOrUpdate(DicomTag.AccessionNumber, cloudStudyId);
            
            // Add cloud tracking metadata
            dataset.AddOrUpdate(DicomTag.InstitutionName, _organizationPrefix);
            
            dicomFile.Save(outputPath);
            
            result.CloudPath = outputPath;
            result.Success = true;
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            result.Success = false;
            result.ErrorMessage = ex.Message;
        }

        return result;
    }

    private string GetOrCreateCloudStudyId(string originalStudyUid)
    {
        if (!_studyIdMapping.ContainsKey(originalStudyUid))
        {
            string timestamp = DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmss");
            string random = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N").Substring(0, 8);
            _studyIdMapping[originalStudyUid] = $"{timestamp}-{random}";
        }
        return _studyIdMapping[originalStudyUid];
    }

    public Dictionary<string, string> GetStudyMapping()
    {
        return new Dictionary<string, string>(_studyIdMapping);
    }
}

public class CloudUploadResult
{
    public string OriginalPath { get; set; }
    public string CloudPath { get; set; }
    public string OriginalStudyUID { get; set; }
    public string CloudStudyId { get; set; }
    public string OriginalPatientId { get; set; }
    public DateTime ProcessedAt { get; set; }
    public bool Success { get; set; }
    public string ErrorMessage { get; set; }
}

Teleradiologi Arbejdsfløj Integration

Opbygge en komplet teleradiologisk anonymiseringsrør:

public class TeleradiologyAnonymizationPipeline
{
    private readonly CloudUploadAnonymizer _anonymizer;
    private readonly string _stagingDirectory;
    private readonly string _mappingDirectory;

    public TeleradiologyAnonymizationPipeline(
        string organizationId,
        string stagingDirectory,
        string mappingDirectory)
    {
        _anonymizer = new CloudUploadAnonymizer(organizationId);
        _stagingDirectory = stagingDirectory;
        _mappingDirectory = mappingDirectory;
        
        Directory.CreateDirectory(_stagingDirectory);
        Directory.CreateDirectory(_mappingDirectory);
    }

    public async Task<TeleradiologyBatch> ProcessStudyForRemoteReading(
        string studyDirectory,
        string priority = "ROUTINE")
    {
        var batch = new TeleradiologyBatch
        {
            BatchId = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(),
            Priority = priority,
            SubmittedAt = DateTime.UtcNow,
            Results = new List<CloudUploadResult>()
        };

        var dicomFiles = Directory.GetFiles(studyDirectory, "*.dcm", SearchOption.AllDirectories);
        
        // Create batch output directory
        string batchOutputDir = Path.Combine(_stagingDirectory, batch.BatchId);
        Directory.CreateDirectory(batchOutputDir);

        foreach (var inputFile in dicomFiles)
        {
            string relativePath = Path.GetRelativePath(studyDirectory, inputFile);
            string outputPath = Path.Combine(batchOutputDir, relativePath);
            
            Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.GetDirectoryName(outputPath));
            
            var result = _anonymizer.AnonymizeForCloud(inputFile, outputPath);
            batch.Results.Add(result);
        }

        // Save mapping file for this batch
        await SaveBatchMapping(batch);
        
        // Generate manifest for teleradiology service
        batch.ManifestPath = await GenerateTeleradiologyManifest(batch, batchOutputDir);
        
        batch.Success = batch.Results.All(r => r.Success);
        batch.TotalFiles = batch.Results.Count;
        batch.SuccessfulFiles = batch.Results.Count(r => r.Success);

        return batch;
    }

    private async Task SaveBatchMapping(TeleradiologyBatch batch)
    {
        var mapping = new
        {
            BatchId = batch.BatchId,
            SubmittedAt = batch.SubmittedAt,
            StudyMappings = _anonymizer.GetStudyMapping(),
            FileMappings = batch.Results.Select(r => new
            {
                r.OriginalPath,
                r.CloudPath,
                r.OriginalStudyUID,
                r.CloudStudyId,
                r.OriginalPatientId
            })
        };

        string mappingPath = Path.Combine(_mappingDirectory, $"{batch.BatchId}_mapping.json");
        string json = JsonSerializer.Serialize(mapping, new JsonSerializerOptions { WriteIndented = true });
        await File.WriteAllTextAsync(mappingPath, json);
    }

    private async Task<string> GenerateTeleradiologyManifest(
        TeleradiologyBatch batch, 
        string outputDirectory)
    {
        var manifest = new
        {
            Version = "1.0",
            BatchId = batch.BatchId,
            Priority = batch.Priority,
            SubmittedAt = batch.SubmittedAt.ToString("O"),
            TotalStudies = batch.Results
                .Where(r => r.Success)
                .Select(r => r.CloudStudyId)
                .Distinct()
                .Count(),
            TotalImages = batch.Results.Count(r => r.Success),
            Studies = batch.Results
                .Where(r => r.Success)
                .GroupBy(r => r.CloudStudyId)
                .Select(g => new
                {
                    CloudStudyId = g.Key,
                    ImageCount = g.Count(),
                    Files = g.Select(r => Path.GetFileName(r.CloudPath)).ToList()
                })
                .ToList()
        };

        string manifestPath = Path.Combine(outputDirectory, "manifest.json");
        string json = JsonSerializer.Serialize(manifest, new JsonSerializerOptions { WriteIndented = true });
        await File.WriteAllTextAsync(manifestPath, json);
        
        return manifestPath;
    }
}

public class TeleradiologyBatch
{
    public string BatchId { get; set; }
    public string Priority { get; set; }
    public DateTime SubmittedAt { get; set; }
    public List<CloudUploadResult> Results { get; set; }
    public string ManifestPath { get; set; }
    public bool Success { get; set; }
    public int TotalFiles { get; set; }
    public int SuccessfulFiles { get; set; }
}

Azure Blob opbevaringsintegration

Upload anonymiserede DICOM-filer til Azure Blob Storage:

using Azure.Storage.Blobs;
using Azure.Storage.Blobs.Models;

public class AzureDicomUploader
{
    private readonly BlobContainerClient _containerClient;
    private readonly TeleradiologyAnonymizationPipeline _pipeline;

    public AzureDicomUploader(
        string connectionString,
        string containerName,
        string organizationId)
    {
        _containerClient = new BlobContainerClient(connectionString, containerName);
        _containerClient.CreateIfNotExists();
        
        _pipeline = new TeleradiologyAnonymizationPipeline(
            organizationId,
            Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dicom_staging"),
            Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dicom_mappings"));
    }

    public async Task<AzureUploadResult> UploadStudyAsync(
        string studyDirectory,
        string priority = "ROUTINE")
    {
        var result = new AzureUploadResult
        {
            StartedAt = DateTime.UtcNow
        };

        try
        {
            // Anonymize the study
            var batch = await _pipeline.ProcessStudyForRemoteReading(studyDirectory, priority);
            result.BatchId = batch.BatchId;

            if (!batch.Success)
            {
                result.Success = false;
                result.ErrorMessage = "Anonymization failed for some files";
                return result;
            }

            // Upload anonymized files to Azure
            string batchDirectory = Path.GetDirectoryName(batch.ManifestPath);
            var filesToUpload = Directory.GetFiles(batchDirectory, "*.*", SearchOption.AllDirectories);

            foreach (var filePath in filesToUpload)
            {
                string blobName = $"{batch.BatchId}/{Path.GetRelativePath(batchDirectory, filePath)}";
                
                BlobClient blobClient = _containerClient.GetBlobClient(blobName);
                
                using (var stream = File.OpenRead(filePath))
                {
                    await blobClient.UploadAsync(stream, new BlobUploadOptions
                    {
                        HttpHeaders = new BlobHttpHeaders
                        {
                            ContentType = GetContentType(filePath)
                        },
                        Metadata = new Dictionary<string, string>
                        {
                            { "batch_id", batch.BatchId },
                            { "priority", priority },
                            { "uploaded_at", DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("O") }
                        }
                    });
                }
                
                result.UploadedFiles.Add(blobName);
            }

            // Clean up staging directory
            Directory.Delete(batchDirectory, true);

            result.Success = true;
            result.CompletedAt = DateTime.UtcNow;
            result.BlobContainerUri = _containerClient.Uri.ToString();
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            result.Success = false;
            result.ErrorMessage = ex.Message;
        }

        return result;
    }

    private string GetContentType(string filePath)
    {
        return Path.GetExtension(filePath).ToLower() switch
        {
            ".dcm" => "application/dicom",
            ".json" => "application/json",
            _ => "application/octet-stream"
        };
    }
}

public class AzureUploadResult
{
    public string BatchId { get; set; }
    public DateTime StartedAt { get; set; }
    public DateTime CompletedAt { get; set; }
    public bool Success { get; set; }
    public string ErrorMessage { get; set; }
    public string BlobContainerUri { get; set; }
    public List<string> UploadedFiles { get; set; } = new List<string>();
}

AWS S3 integration

Download anonymiseret DICOM til Amazon S3:

using Amazon.S3;
using Amazon.S3.Transfer;

public class AwsDicomUploader
{
    private readonly IAmazonS3 _s3Client;
    private readonly string _bucketName;
    private readonly TeleradiologyAnonymizationPipeline _pipeline;

    public AwsDicomUploader(
        IAmazonS3 s3Client,
        string bucketName,
        string organizationId)
    {
        _s3Client = s3Client;
        _bucketName = bucketName;
        
        _pipeline = new TeleradiologyAnonymizationPipeline(
            organizationId,
            Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dicom_staging"),
            Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dicom_mappings"));
    }

    public async Task<S3UploadResult> UploadStudyAsync(
        string studyDirectory,
        string priority = "ROUTINE")
    {
        var result = new S3UploadResult
        {
            StartedAt = DateTime.UtcNow
        };

        try
        {
            // Anonymize
            var batch = await _pipeline.ProcessStudyForRemoteReading(studyDirectory, priority);
            result.BatchId = batch.BatchId;

            if (!batch.Success)
            {
                result.Success = false;
                result.ErrorMessage = "Anonymization failed";
                return result;
            }

            // Upload to S3
            var transferUtility = new TransferUtility(_s3Client);
            string batchDirectory = Path.GetDirectoryName(batch.ManifestPath);

            await transferUtility.UploadDirectoryAsync(new TransferUtilityUploadDirectoryRequest
            {
                BucketName = _bucketName,
                Directory = batchDirectory,
                KeyPrefix = batch.BatchId,
                SearchOption = SearchOption.AllDirectories
            });

            // Clean up
            Directory.Delete(batchDirectory, true);

            result.Success = true;
            result.S3Uri = $"s3://{_bucketName}/{batch.BatchId}/";
            result.CompletedAt = DateTime.UtcNow;
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            result.Success = false;
            result.ErrorMessage = ex.Message;
        }

        return result;
    }
}

public class S3UploadResult
{
    public string BatchId { get; set; }
    public DateTime StartedAt { get; set; }
    public DateTime CompletedAt { get; set; }
    public bool Success { get; set; }
    public string ErrorMessage { get; set; }
    public string S3Uri { get; set; }
}

Real-time anonymisering gateway

Skab en API-gateway, der anonymiserer DICOM i realtid for cloud viewere:

[ApiController]
[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class CloudDicomGatewayController : ControllerBase
{
    private readonly CloudUploadAnonymizer _anonymizer;
    private readonly ILogger<CloudDicomGatewayController> _logger;

    public CloudDicomGatewayController(ILogger<CloudDicomGatewayController> logger)
    {
        _anonymizer = new CloudUploadAnonymizer("GATEWAY");
        _logger = logger;
    }

    [HttpPost("anonymize-stream")]
    public async Task<IActionResult> AnonymizeStream(IFormFile file)
    {
        if (file == null || file.Length == 0)
            return BadRequest("No DICOM file provided");

        var tempInput = Path.GetTempFileName();
        var tempOutput = Path.GetTempFileName();

        try
        {
            // Save uploaded file
            using (var stream = new FileStream(tempInput, FileMode.Create))
            {
                await file.CopyToAsync(stream);
            }

            // Anonymize
            var result = _anonymizer.AnonymizeForCloud(tempInput, tempOutput);

            if (!result.Success)
            {
                return StatusCode(500, $"Anonymization failed: {result.ErrorMessage}");
            }

            // Return anonymized file
            var fileBytes = await System.IO.File.ReadAllBytesAsync(tempOutput);
            
            // Add tracking headers
            Response.Headers.Add("X-Cloud-Study-Id", result.CloudStudyId);
            Response.Headers.Add("X-Processed-At", result.ProcessedAt.ToString("O"));

            return File(fileBytes, "application/dicom", $"{result.CloudStudyId}.dcm");
        }
        finally
        {
            if (System.IO.File.Exists(tempInput))
                System.IO.File.Delete(tempInput);
            if (System.IO.File.Exists(tempOutput))
                System.IO.File.Delete(tempOutput);
        }
    }

    [HttpPost("batch-prepare")]
    public async Task<IActionResult> PrepareBatchForCloud([FromBody] BatchPrepareRequest request)
    {
        var pipeline = new TeleradiologyAnonymizationPipeline(
            request.OrganizationId,
            Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "staging"),
            Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "mappings"));

        var batch = await pipeline.ProcessStudyForRemoteReading(
            request.StudyDirectory,
            request.Priority);

        return Ok(new
        {
            batch.BatchId,
            batch.Success,
            batch.TotalFiles,
            batch.SuccessfulFiles,
            batch.ManifestPath,
            StagingDirectory = Path.GetDirectoryName(batch.ManifestPath)
        });
    }
}

public class BatchPrepareRequest
{
    public string OrganizationId { get; set; }
    public string StudyDirectory { get; set; }
    public string Priority { get; set; } = "ROUTINE";
}

Re-identificeringstjeneste

Implementation sikrer genidentificering for læsningsrapporter:

public class ReidentificationService
{
    private readonly string _mappingDirectory;

    public ReidentificationService(string mappingDirectory)
    {
        _mappingDirectory = mappingDirectory;
    }

    public ReidentificationResult Reidentify(string batchId, string cloudStudyId)
    {
        var result = new ReidentificationResult();

        try
        {
            string mappingFile = Path.Combine(_mappingDirectory, $"{batchId}_mapping.json");
            
            if (!File.Exists(mappingFile))
            {
                result.Success = false;
                result.ErrorMessage = "Mapping file not found";
                return result;
            }

            string json = File.ReadAllText(mappingFile);
            var mapping = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<BatchMapping>(json);

            // Find original identifiers
            var fileMapping = mapping.FileMappings
                .FirstOrDefault(f => f.CloudStudyId == cloudStudyId);

            if (fileMapping == null)
            {
                result.Success = false;
                result.ErrorMessage = "Study not found in mapping";
                return result;
            }

            result.OriginalPatientId = fileMapping.OriginalPatientId;
            result.OriginalStudyUID = fileMapping.OriginalStudyUID;
            result.Success = true;
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            result.Success = false;
            result.ErrorMessage = ex.Message;
        }

        return result;
    }
}

public class BatchMapping
{
    public string BatchId { get; set; }
    public DateTime SubmittedAt { get; set; }
    public Dictionary<string, string> StudyMappings { get; set; }
    public List<FileMapping> FileMappings { get; set; }
}

public class FileMapping
{
    public string OriginalPath { get; set; }
    public string CloudPath { get; set; }
    public string OriginalStudyUID { get; set; }
    public string CloudStudyId { get; set; }
    public string OriginalPatientId { get; set; }
}

public class ReidentificationResult
{
    public bool Success { get; set; }
    public string OriginalPatientId { get; set; }
    public string OriginalStudyUID { get; set; }
    public string ErrorMessage { get; set; }
}

Best Practices for Cloud PACS Anonymisering

  • Secure mapping storage: Hold identitetsmappingsfiler krypteret og adskilt fra anonymiserede data
  • ** Brug konsekvent identifikatorer**: Sørg for, at samme patient/studie får det samme anonymiserede ID på alle upload
  • Implementation audit logging: Følg alle anonymiserings- og genidentificeringsoperationer
  • Test grundigt: Kontrollér ingen PHI-løg via private tags eller indlejrede data
  • Konsider netværkssikkerhed: Brug TLS til alle cloud-opladninger og krypteret opbevaring i hvile

Konklusion

Anonymisering af DICOM-filer til cloud PACS og teleradiologi kræver omhyggeligt håndtering af patientidentifikatorer mens vedligeholdelse af studiets integritet til fjern læsning. Aspose.Medical for .NET giver grundlaget for at opbygge sikre anonymisering pipe, der integrerer med Azure, AWS og andre cloudplatforme. Ved at implementere passende identitetsmapping og auditering spor, kan du muliggøre moderne radiologiske arbejdsprocesser samtidig med at beskytte patientens privatliv.

For mere information om DICOM anonymisering, besøg Medikamenter.Medicinsk dokumentation.

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