Pochopenie obsahu súboru DICOM je nevyhnutné pre vývoj lekárskeho obrazu, riešenie problémov a zabezpečenie kvality.Tento tutoriál vám ukáže, ako vybudovať komplexný metadatový prehliadač v C#, ktorý extrahuje a zobrazuje informácie o pacientovi, podrobnosti štúdie a technické parametre zobrazovania.
Čo je to DICOM Metadata?
Súbory DICOM obsahujú dve hlavné komponenty: pixelové údaje (skutočný obraz) a metadata (informacie o obraze).
- Patientová demografia: meno, ID, dátum narodenia, pohlavie
- Štúdiové informácie: dátum, čas, popis, referenčný lekár
- Sériové detaily: Modalita, časť tela, obrazový protokol
- Parametry obrazu: Rozmery, rozsah pixelov, nastavenia okien/úroveň
- ** Informácie o zariadení**: výrobca, model, softvérová verzia
Metadatový prehliadač pomáha vývojárom inšpekovať tieto atribúty pre debugovanie, validáciu a analýzu údajov.
Základné metadátové extrakcie
Začnite s extrahovaním bežných atribútov DICOM:
using Aspose.Medical.Dicom;
public class DicomMetadataViewer
{
public DicomMetadata ExtractMetadata(string filePath)
{
DicomFile dicomFile = DicomFile.Open(filePath);
var dataset = dicomFile.Dataset;
return new DicomMetadata
{
// Patient Information
PatientName = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.PatientName),
PatientID = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.PatientID),
PatientBirthDate = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.PatientBirthDate),
PatientSex = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.PatientSex),
PatientAge = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.PatientAge),
// Study Information
StudyInstanceUID = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.StudyInstanceUID),
StudyDate = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.StudyDate),
StudyTime = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.StudyTime),
StudyDescription = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.StudyDescription),
AccessionNumber = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.AccessionNumber),
ReferringPhysician = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.ReferringPhysicianName),
// Series Information
SeriesInstanceUID = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.SeriesInstanceUID),
Modality = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.Modality),
SeriesDescription = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.SeriesDescription),
SeriesNumber = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.SeriesNumber),
BodyPartExamined = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.BodyPartExamined),
// Image Information
SOPInstanceUID = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.SOPInstanceUID),
SOPClassUID = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.SOPClassUID),
InstanceNumber = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.InstanceNumber),
ImageType = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.ImageType),
// Technical Parameters
Rows = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.Rows),
Columns = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.Columns),
BitsAllocated = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.BitsAllocated),
BitsStored = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.BitsStored),
PixelSpacing = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.PixelSpacing),
SliceThickness = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.SliceThickness),
// Equipment Information
Manufacturer = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.Manufacturer),
ManufacturerModelName = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.ManufacturerModelName),
StationName = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.StationName),
InstitutionName = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.InstitutionName),
SoftwareVersions = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.SoftwareVersions)
};
}
}
public class DicomMetadata
{
// Patient
public string PatientName { get; set; }
public string PatientID { get; set; }
public string PatientBirthDate { get; set; }
public string PatientSex { get; set; }
public string PatientAge { get; set; }
// Study
public string StudyInstanceUID { get; set; }
public string StudyDate { get; set; }
public string StudyTime { get; set; }
public string StudyDescription { get; set; }
public string AccessionNumber { get; set; }
public string ReferringPhysician { get; set; }
// Series
public string SeriesInstanceUID { get; set; }
public string Modality { get; set; }
public string SeriesDescription { get; set; }
public string SeriesNumber { get; set; }
public string BodyPartExamined { get; set; }
// Image
public string SOPInstanceUID { get; set; }
public string SOPClassUID { get; set; }
public string InstanceNumber { get; set; }
public string ImageType { get; set; }
// Technical
public string Rows { get; set; }
public string Columns { get; set; }
public string BitsAllocated { get; set; }
public string BitsStored { get; set; }
public string PixelSpacing { get; set; }
public string SliceThickness { get; set; }
// Equipment
public string Manufacturer { get; set; }
public string ManufacturerModelName { get; set; }
public string StationName { get; set; }
public string InstitutionName { get; set; }
public string SoftwareVersions { get; set; }
}
Zobraziť všetky tagy DICOM
Zoznam všetkých značiek v súbore DICOM pre úplnú kontrolu:
public class DicomTagBrowser
{
public List<DicomTagInfo> GetAllTags(string filePath)
{
DicomFile dicomFile = DicomFile.Open(filePath);
var tags = new List<DicomTagInfo>();
foreach (var element in dicomFile.Dataset)
{
var tagInfo = new DicomTagInfo
{
Tag = element.Tag.ToString(),
TagHex = $"({element.Tag.Group:X4},{element.Tag.Element:X4})",
Keyword = element.Tag.DictionaryEntry?.Keyword ?? "Unknown",
Name = element.Tag.DictionaryEntry?.Name ?? "Private Tag",
VR = element.ValueRepresentation.Code,
Length = element.Length,
Value = GetDisplayValue(element)
};
tags.Add(tagInfo);
}
return tags;
}
private string GetDisplayValue(DicomElement element)
{
try
{
// Handle different value representations
if (element.Length == 0)
return "(empty)";
if (element.Length > 256)
return $"(binary data, {element.Length} bytes)";
// Try to get string value
var values = element.Get<string[]>();
if (values != null && values.Length > 0)
{
return string.Join(" \\ ", values);
}
return "(unable to display)";
}
catch
{
return $"(binary data, {element.Length} bytes)";
}
}
}
public class DicomTagInfo
{
public string Tag { get; set; }
public string TagHex { get; set; }
public string Keyword { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public string VR { get; set; }
public long Length { get; set; }
public string Value { get; set; }
}
Špecifická metadata extrakcia
Rôzne režimy zobrazovania majú jedinečné atribúty:
public class ModalityMetadataExtractor
{
public object ExtractModalitySpecificData(string filePath)
{
DicomFile dicomFile = DicomFile.Open(filePath);
var dataset = dicomFile.Dataset;
string modality = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.Modality);
return modality switch
{
"CT" => ExtractCtMetadata(dataset),
"MR" => ExtractMrMetadata(dataset),
"CR" or "DX" => ExtractRadiographyMetadata(dataset),
"US" => ExtractUltrasoundMetadata(dataset),
"MG" => ExtractMammographyMetadata(dataset),
_ => ExtractGenericMetadata(dataset)
};
}
private CtMetadata ExtractCtMetadata(DicomDataset dataset)
{
return new CtMetadata
{
KVP = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.KVP),
XRayTubeCurrent = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.XRayTubeCurrent),
ExposureTime = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.ExposureTime),
SliceThickness = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.SliceThickness),
SpacingBetweenSlices = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.SpacingBetweenSlices),
ConvolutionKernel = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.ConvolutionKernel),
GantryTilt = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.GantryDetectorTilt),
TableHeight = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.TableHeight),
RotationDirection = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.RotationDirection),
CTDIvol = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.CTDIvol),
WindowCenter = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.WindowCenter),
WindowWidth = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.WindowWidth)
};
}
private MrMetadata ExtractMrMetadata(DicomDataset dataset)
{
return new MrMetadata
{
MagneticFieldStrength = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.MagneticFieldStrength),
SequenceName = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.SequenceName),
ScanningSequence = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.ScanningSequence),
SequenceVariant = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.SequenceVariant),
RepetitionTime = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.RepetitionTime),
EchoTime = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.EchoTime),
InversionTime = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.InversionTime),
FlipAngle = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.FlipAngle),
SliceThickness = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.SliceThickness),
EchoTrainLength = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.EchoTrainLength),
PixelBandwidth = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.PixelBandwidth),
ImagingFrequency = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.ImagingFrequency)
};
}
private RadiographyMetadata ExtractRadiographyMetadata(DicomDataset dataset)
{
return new RadiographyMetadata
{
KVP = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.KVP),
ExposureTime = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.ExposureTime),
XRayTubeCurrent = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.XRayTubeCurrent),
Exposure = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.Exposure),
ExposureIndex = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.ExposureIndex),
TargetExposureIndex = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.TargetExposureIndex),
DeviationIndex = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.DeviationIndex),
DistanceSourceToDetector = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.DistanceSourceToDetector),
DistanceSourceToPatient = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.DistanceSourceToPatient),
Grid = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.Grid),
ViewPosition = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.ViewPosition)
};
}
private UltrasoundMetadata ExtractUltrasoundMetadata(DicomDataset dataset)
{
return new UltrasoundMetadata
{
TransducerType = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.TransducerType),
TransducerFrequency = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.TransducerFrequency),
DepthOfScanField = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.DepthOfScanField),
MechanicalIndex = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.MechanicalIndex),
ThermalIndex = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.SoftTissueThermalIndex),
FrameTime = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.FrameTime),
NumberOfFrames = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.NumberOfFrames)
};
}
private MammographyMetadata ExtractMammographyMetadata(DicomDataset dataset)
{
return new MammographyMetadata
{
ViewPosition = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.ViewPosition),
ImageLaterality = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.ImageLaterality),
BreastImplantPresent = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.BreastImplantPresent),
CompressionForce = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.CompressionForce),
BodyPartThickness = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.BodyPartThickness),
AnodeTargetMaterial = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.AnodeTargetMaterial),
FilterMaterial = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.FilterMaterial),
KVP = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.KVP),
ExposureTime = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.ExposureTime),
OrganDose = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.OrganDose)
};
}
private GenericMetadata ExtractGenericMetadata(DicomDataset dataset)
{
return new GenericMetadata
{
Modality = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.Modality),
StudyDescription = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.StudyDescription),
SeriesDescription = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.SeriesDescription)
};
}
}
// Modality-specific metadata classes
public class CtMetadata
{
public string KVP { get; set; }
public string XRayTubeCurrent { get; set; }
public string ExposureTime { get; set; }
public string SliceThickness { get; set; }
public string SpacingBetweenSlices { get; set; }
public string ConvolutionKernel { get; set; }
public string GantryTilt { get; set; }
public string TableHeight { get; set; }
public string RotationDirection { get; set; }
public string CTDIvol { get; set; }
public string WindowCenter { get; set; }
public string WindowWidth { get; set; }
}
public class MrMetadata
{
public string MagneticFieldStrength { get; set; }
public string SequenceName { get; set; }
public string ScanningSequence { get; set; }
public string SequenceVariant { get; set; }
public string RepetitionTime { get; set; }
public string EchoTime { get; set; }
public string InversionTime { get; set; }
public string FlipAngle { get; set; }
public string SliceThickness { get; set; }
public string EchoTrainLength { get; set; }
public string PixelBandwidth { get; set; }
public string ImagingFrequency { get; set; }
}
public class RadiographyMetadata
{
public string KVP { get; set; }
public string ExposureTime { get; set; }
public string XRayTubeCurrent { get; set; }
public string Exposure { get; set; }
public string ExposureIndex { get; set; }
public string TargetExposureIndex { get; set; }
public string DeviationIndex { get; set; }
public string DistanceSourceToDetector { get; set; }
public string DistanceSourceToPatient { get; set; }
public string Grid { get; set; }
public string ViewPosition { get; set; }
}
public class UltrasoundMetadata
{
public string TransducerType { get; set; }
public string TransducerFrequency { get; set; }
public string DepthOfScanField { get; set; }
public string MechanicalIndex { get; set; }
public string ThermalIndex { get; set; }
public string FrameTime { get; set; }
public string NumberOfFrames { get; set; }
}
public class MammographyMetadata
{
public string ViewPosition { get; set; }
public string ImageLaterality { get; set; }
public string BreastImplantPresent { get; set; }
public string CompressionForce { get; set; }
public string BodyPartThickness { get; set; }
public string AnodeTargetMaterial { get; set; }
public string FilterMaterial { get; set; }
public string KVP { get; set; }
public string ExposureTime { get; set; }
public string OrganDose { get; set; }
}
public class GenericMetadata
{
public string Modality { get; set; }
public string StudyDescription { get; set; }
public string SeriesDescription { get; set; }
}
Aplikácia Console-Based Viewer
Vytvorte príkazový nástroj pre rýchlu kontrolu DICOM:
public class DicomViewerConsole
{
public void DisplayMetadata(string filePath)
{
var viewer = new DicomMetadataViewer();
var metadata = viewer.ExtractMetadata(filePath);
Console.WriteLine("═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════");
Console.WriteLine(" DICOM METADATA VIEWER ");
Console.WriteLine("═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════");
Console.WriteLine($"File: {Path.GetFileName(filePath)}");
Console.WriteLine();
PrintSection("PATIENT INFORMATION");
PrintField("Patient Name", metadata.PatientName);
PrintField("Patient ID", metadata.PatientID);
PrintField("Birth Date", FormatDate(metadata.PatientBirthDate));
PrintField("Sex", metadata.PatientSex);
PrintField("Age", metadata.PatientAge);
PrintSection("STUDY INFORMATION");
PrintField("Study Date", FormatDate(metadata.StudyDate));
PrintField("Study Time", FormatTime(metadata.StudyTime));
PrintField("Description", metadata.StudyDescription);
PrintField("Accession #", metadata.AccessionNumber);
PrintField("Referring MD", metadata.ReferringPhysician);
PrintField("Study UID", metadata.StudyInstanceUID);
PrintSection("SERIES INFORMATION");
PrintField("Modality", metadata.Modality);
PrintField("Description", metadata.SeriesDescription);
PrintField("Series #", metadata.SeriesNumber);
PrintField("Body Part", metadata.BodyPartExamined);
PrintField("Series UID", metadata.SeriesInstanceUID);
PrintSection("IMAGE INFORMATION");
PrintField("Instance #", metadata.InstanceNumber);
PrintField("Image Type", metadata.ImageType);
PrintField("Dimensions", $"{metadata.Columns} x {metadata.Rows}");
PrintField("Bits Stored", metadata.BitsStored);
PrintField("Pixel Spacing", metadata.PixelSpacing);
PrintField("SOP Instance", metadata.SOPInstanceUID);
PrintSection("EQUIPMENT");
PrintField("Manufacturer", metadata.Manufacturer);
PrintField("Model", metadata.ManufacturerModelName);
PrintField("Station", metadata.StationName);
PrintField("Institution", metadata.InstitutionName);
PrintField("Software", metadata.SoftwareVersions);
Console.WriteLine("═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════");
}
private void PrintSection(string title)
{
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine($"─── {title} ───");
}
private void PrintField(string label, string value)
{
string displayValue = string.IsNullOrEmpty(value) ? "(not specified)" : value;
Console.WriteLine($" {label,-15}: {displayValue}");
}
private string FormatDate(string dicomDate)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(dicomDate) || dicomDate.Length != 8)
return dicomDate;
return $"{dicomDate.Substring(0, 4)}-{dicomDate.Substring(4, 2)}-{dicomDate.Substring(6, 2)}";
}
private string FormatTime(string dicomTime)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(dicomTime) || dicomTime.Length < 6)
return dicomTime;
return $"{dicomTime.Substring(0, 2)}:{dicomTime.Substring(2, 2)}:{dicomTime.Substring(4, 2)}";
}
}
Web API pre metadata retrieval
Vytvorte koncové body REST pre prístup k metadata:
[ApiController]
[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class DicomMetadataController : ControllerBase
{
private readonly string _uploadPath = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dicom_uploads");
public DicomMetadataController()
{
Directory.CreateDirectory(_uploadPath);
}
[HttpPost("upload")]
public async Task<IActionResult> UploadAndExtract(IFormFile file)
{
if (file == null || file.Length == 0)
return BadRequest("No file provided");
var filePath = Path.Combine(_uploadPath, $"{Guid.NewGuid()}.dcm");
try
{
using (var stream = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Create))
{
await file.CopyToAsync(stream);
}
var viewer = new DicomMetadataViewer();
var metadata = viewer.ExtractMetadata(filePath);
return Ok(metadata);
}
finally
{
if (System.IO.File.Exists(filePath))
System.IO.File.Delete(filePath);
}
}
[HttpPost("tags")]
public async Task<IActionResult> GetAllTags(IFormFile file)
{
if (file == null || file.Length == 0)
return BadRequest("No file provided");
var filePath = Path.Combine(_uploadPath, $"{Guid.NewGuid()}.dcm");
try
{
using (var stream = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Create))
{
await file.CopyToAsync(stream);
}
var browser = new DicomTagBrowser();
var tags = browser.GetAllTags(filePath);
return Ok(tags);
}
finally
{
if (System.IO.File.Exists(filePath))
System.IO.File.Delete(filePath);
}
}
[HttpPost("modality-specific")]
public async Task<IActionResult> GetModalityMetadata(IFormFile file)
{
if (file == null || file.Length == 0)
return BadRequest("No file provided");
var filePath = Path.Combine(_uploadPath, $"{Guid.NewGuid()}.dcm");
try
{
using (var stream = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Create))
{
await file.CopyToAsync(stream);
}
var extractor = new ModalityMetadataExtractor();
var data = extractor.ExtractModalitySpecificData(filePath);
return Ok(data);
}
finally
{
if (System.IO.File.Exists(filePath))
System.IO.File.Delete(filePath);
}
}
}
Vývoz metadátových správ
Generovať metadata správy v rôznych formátoch:
public class MetadataReportGenerator
{
public void GenerateCsvReport(string dicomDirectory, string outputPath)
{
var viewer = new DicomMetadataViewer();
var records = new List<string>();
// Header
records.Add("FileName,PatientID,PatientName,StudyDate,Modality,SeriesDescription,Rows,Columns");
var files = Directory.GetFiles(dicomDirectory, "*.dcm", SearchOption.AllDirectories);
foreach (var file in files)
{
try
{
var metadata = viewer.ExtractMetadata(file);
var record = string.Join(",",
EscapeCsv(Path.GetFileName(file)),
EscapeCsv(metadata.PatientID),
EscapeCsv(metadata.PatientName),
EscapeCsv(metadata.StudyDate),
EscapeCsv(metadata.Modality),
EscapeCsv(metadata.SeriesDescription),
metadata.Rows ?? "",
metadata.Columns ?? "");
records.Add(record);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Error processing {file}: {ex.Message}");
}
}
File.WriteAllLines(outputPath, records);
}
public void GenerateJsonReport(string dicomDirectory, string outputPath)
{
var viewer = new DicomMetadataViewer();
var metadataList = new List<object>();
var files = Directory.GetFiles(dicomDirectory, "*.dcm", SearchOption.AllDirectories);
foreach (var file in files)
{
try
{
var metadata = viewer.ExtractMetadata(file);
metadataList.Add(new
{
FileName = Path.GetFileName(file),
Metadata = metadata
});
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
metadataList.Add(new
{
FileName = Path.GetFileName(file),
Error = ex.Message
});
}
}
var json = JsonSerializer.Serialize(metadataList, new JsonSerializerOptions
{
WriteIndented = true
});
File.WriteAllText(outputPath, json);
}
private string EscapeCsv(string value)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
return "";
if (value.Contains(",") || value.Contains("\"") || value.Contains("\n"))
{
return $"\"{value.Replace("\"", "\"\"")}\"";
}
return value;
}
}
Použitie príkladu
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Activate license
Metered metered = new Metered();
metered.SetMeteredKey("your-public-key", "your-private-key");
string dicomFile = @"C:\DICOM\sample.dcm";
// Console viewer
var consoleViewer = new DicomViewerConsole();
consoleViewer.DisplayMetadata(dicomFile);
// Browse all tags
var browser = new DicomTagBrowser();
var tags = browser.GetAllTags(dicomFile);
Console.WriteLine($"\nTotal tags: {tags.Count}");
// Generate report for directory
var reportGenerator = new MetadataReportGenerator();
reportGenerator.GenerateCsvReport(@"C:\DICOM\Studies", @"C:\Reports\metadata.csv");
}
}
Záver
Stavba metadatového prehliadača DICOM vám dáva základné schopnosti pre vývoj lekárskeho obrazu. Či už potrebujete rýchleho inšpektora príkazovej línie, webovú API na integráciu alebo balíček reportovacie nástroje, Aspose.Medical for .NET poskytuje základ pre extrahovanie a analýzu atribútov DIKOM. Tieto techniky sú cenné pre riešenie problémov, zabezpečenie kvality a budovanie lekárových aplikácií.
Pre viac informácií o práci s súbormi DICOM navštívte Aspose.Medicínska dokumentácia.
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