XML zostáva uhlovým kameňom výmeny údajov o zdravotnej starostlivosti, výkon HL7 správy, podnikové integrácie motorov a dedičstvo nemocničných informačných systémov. Konverzia metadata DICOM do XML umožňuje bezproblémovú integráciu medzi zdravotníckym obrazovacie systémy a širšiu zdravotnú IT infraštruktúru. Tento sprievodca preukazuje, ako konvertovať DIKOM na XML pomocou Aspose.Medical pre .NET.

Prečo XML pre zdravotnú integráciu?

Zatiaľ čo JSON dominuje modernými webovými API, XML zostáva nevyhnutnou súčasťou zdravotnej starostlivosti z niekoľkých dôvodov:

  • HL7 štandardy: HL7 v2 a v3 správy používa formáty založené na XML široko
  • Enterprise integration: Mnoho zdravotníckych integrátorov (Mirth Connect, Rhapsody) pracuje predovšetkým s XML
  • Legacy systémy: Inštalované nemocničné informačné sústavy často vyžadujú databázy XML
  • Dokumentálne štandardy: CDA (Clinical Document Architecture) a iné klinické dokumenty používajú XML
  • Validácia: XML Schema (XSD) poskytuje robustné schopnosti validácie údajov

Základné DICOM na konverziu XML

Najjednoduchšia konverzia z DICOM na XML:

using Aspose.Medical.Dicom;
using Aspose.Medical.Dicom.Serialization;

public class DicomXmlConverter
{
    public string ConvertToXml(string dicomFilePath)
    {
        // Load DICOM file
        DicomFile dicomFile = DicomFile.Open(dicomFilePath);
        
        // Serialize to XML string
        string xml = DicomXmlSerializer.Serialize(dicomFile.Dataset);
        
        return xml;
    }
    
    public void ConvertToXmlFile(string dicomFilePath, string outputXmlPath)
    {
        DicomFile dicomFile = DicomFile.Open(dicomFilePath);
        
        using (var stream = new FileStream(outputXmlPath, FileMode.Create))
        {
            DicomXmlSerializer.Serialize(stream, dicomFile.Dataset);
        }
    }
}

Formátovaný XML Output

Pre ľudsky čitateľnú produkciu a debugovanie:

public string ConvertToFormattedXml(string dicomFilePath)
{
    DicomFile dicomFile = DicomFile.Open(dicomFilePath);
    
    var options = new DicomXmlSerializerOptions
    {
        WriteIndented = true  // Pretty-print XML
    };
    
    string xml = DicomXmlSerializer.Serialize(dicomFile.Dataset, options);
    
    return xml;
}

Konverzia kruhov: XML na DICOM

Konvertovať XML späť na DICOM pre bidirekčné pracovné toky:

public class DicomXmlRoundTrip
{
    public void XmlToDicom(string xmlFilePath, string outputDicomPath)
    {
        // Read XML content
        string xml = File.ReadAllText(xmlFilePath);
        
        // Deserialize to DICOM dataset
        DicomDataset dataset = DicomXmlSerializer.Deserialize(xml);
        
        // Create DICOM file and save
        DicomFile dicomFile = new DicomFile(dataset);
        dicomFile.Save(outputDicomPath);
    }
    
    public DicomDataset XmlStringToDataset(string xml)
    {
        return DicomXmlSerializer.Deserialize(xml);
    }
    
    public void ValidateRoundTrip(string originalDicomPath)
    {
        // Load original
        DicomFile original = DicomFile.Open(originalDicomPath);
        
        // Convert to XML
        string xml = DicomXmlSerializer.Serialize(original.Dataset);
        
        // Convert back to DICOM
        DicomDataset restored = DicomXmlSerializer.Deserialize(xml);
        
        // Compare key fields
        string originalPatientName = original.Dataset.GetString(DicomTag.PatientName);
        string restoredPatientName = restored.GetString(DicomTag.PatientName);
        
        Console.WriteLine($"Original Patient Name: {originalPatientName}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Restored Patient Name: {restoredPatientName}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Match: {originalPatientName == restoredPatientName}");
    }
}

Integrovaný most HL7

Vytvorte službu, ktorá transformuje metadata DICOM do kompatibilného XML:

using System.Xml.Linq;

public class DicomHl7Bridge
{
    public string ConvertToHl7CompatibleXml(string dicomFilePath)
    {
        DicomFile dicomFile = DicomFile.Open(dicomFilePath);
        var dataset = dicomFile.Dataset;
        
        // Create HL7-style XML structure
        var hl7Message = new XElement("ORU_R01",
            new XAttribute("xmlns", "urn:hl7-org:v2xml"),
            
            // Message Header
            new XElement("MSH",
                new XElement("MSH.1", "|"),
                new XElement("MSH.2", "^~\\&"),
                new XElement("MSH.3", "PACS"),
                new XElement("MSH.4", dataset.GetString(DicomTag.InstitutionName) ?? ""),
                new XElement("MSH.7", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmss")),
                new XElement("MSH.9",
                    new XElement("MSG.1", "ORU"),
                    new XElement("MSG.2", "R01")),
                new XElement("MSH.10", Guid.NewGuid().ToString()),
                new XElement("MSH.11", "P"),
                new XElement("MSH.12", "2.5.1")
            ),
            
            // Patient Identification
            new XElement("PID",
                new XElement("PID.3",
                    new XElement("CX.1", dataset.GetString(DicomTag.PatientID) ?? "")),
                new XElement("PID.5",
                    new XElement("XPN.1", dataset.GetString(DicomTag.PatientName) ?? "")),
                new XElement("PID.7", dataset.GetString(DicomTag.PatientBirthDate) ?? ""),
                new XElement("PID.8", dataset.GetString(DicomTag.PatientSex) ?? "")
            ),
            
            // Order Information
            new XElement("OBR",
                new XElement("OBR.2", dataset.GetString(DicomTag.AccessionNumber) ?? ""),
                new XElement("OBR.4",
                    new XElement("CE.1", dataset.GetString(DicomTag.Modality) ?? ""),
                    new XElement("CE.2", dataset.GetString(DicomTag.StudyDescription) ?? "")),
                new XElement("OBR.7", dataset.GetString(DicomTag.StudyDate) ?? ""),
                new XElement("OBR.24", "RAD")
            ),
            
            // Observation with DICOM reference
            new XElement("OBX",
                new XElement("OBX.2", "RP"),
                new XElement("OBX.3",
                    new XElement("CE.1", "DICOM"),
                    new XElement("CE.2", "DICOM Study")),
                new XElement("OBX.5", dataset.GetString(DicomTag.StudyInstanceUID) ?? ""),
                new XElement("OBX.11", "F")
            )
        );
        
        return hl7Message.ToString();
    }
}

Integrovanie so zdravotnou starostlivosťou

Vytvorte službu pre motory podnikovej integrácie:

public class HealthcareIntegrationService
{
    private readonly string _outputDirectory;
    private readonly ILogger _logger;

    public HealthcareIntegrationService(string outputDirectory, ILogger logger)
    {
        _outputDirectory = outputDirectory;
        _logger = logger;
    }

    public async Task ProcessDicomForIntegration(string dicomFilePath)
    {
        try
        {
            DicomFile dicomFile = DicomFile.Open(dicomFilePath);
            var dataset = dicomFile.Dataset;
            
            string accessionNumber = dataset.GetString(DicomTag.AccessionNumber) ?? 
                                     Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
            
            // Generate standard DICOM XML
            string dicomXml = DicomXmlSerializer.Serialize(dataset, 
                new DicomXmlSerializerOptions { WriteIndented = true });
            
            // Save DICOM XML
            string dicomXmlPath = Path.Combine(_outputDirectory, $"{accessionNumber}_dicom.xml");
            await File.WriteAllTextAsync(dicomXmlPath, dicomXml);
            
            // Generate HL7 bridge XML
            var bridge = new DicomHl7Bridge();
            string hl7Xml = bridge.ConvertToHl7CompatibleXml(dicomFilePath);
            
            string hl7XmlPath = Path.Combine(_outputDirectory, $"{accessionNumber}_hl7.xml");
            await File.WriteAllTextAsync(hl7XmlPath, hl7Xml);
            
            // Generate metadata summary for quick lookup
            var summary = GenerateMetadataSummary(dataset, accessionNumber);
            string summaryPath = Path.Combine(_outputDirectory, $"{accessionNumber}_summary.xml");
            await File.WriteAllTextAsync(summaryPath, summary);
            
            _logger.LogInformation($"Processed DICOM file: {accessionNumber}");
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            _logger.LogError($"Failed to process {dicomFilePath}: {ex.Message}");
            throw;
        }
    }

    private string GenerateMetadataSummary(DicomDataset dataset, string accessionNumber)
    {
        var summary = new XElement("DicomMetadataSummary",
            new XAttribute("timestamp", DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("O")),
            
            new XElement("Identifiers",
                new XElement("AccessionNumber", accessionNumber),
                new XElement("StudyInstanceUID", dataset.GetString(DicomTag.StudyInstanceUID)),
                new XElement("SeriesInstanceUID", dataset.GetString(DicomTag.SeriesInstanceUID)),
                new XElement("SOPInstanceUID", dataset.GetString(DicomTag.SOPInstanceUID))
            ),
            
            new XElement("Patient",
                new XElement("ID", dataset.GetString(DicomTag.PatientID)),
                new XElement("Name", dataset.GetString(DicomTag.PatientName)),
                new XElement("BirthDate", dataset.GetString(DicomTag.PatientBirthDate)),
                new XElement("Sex", dataset.GetString(DicomTag.PatientSex))
            ),
            
            new XElement("Study",
                new XElement("Date", dataset.GetString(DicomTag.StudyDate)),
                new XElement("Time", dataset.GetString(DicomTag.StudyTime)),
                new XElement("Description", dataset.GetString(DicomTag.StudyDescription)),
                new XElement("ReferringPhysician", dataset.GetString(DicomTag.ReferringPhysicianName))
            ),
            
            new XElement("Series",
                new XElement("Modality", dataset.GetString(DicomTag.Modality)),
                new XElement("Description", dataset.GetString(DicomTag.SeriesDescription)),
                new XElement("BodyPart", dataset.GetString(DicomTag.BodyPartExamined))
            ),
            
            new XElement("Equipment",
                new XElement("Manufacturer", dataset.GetString(DicomTag.Manufacturer)),
                new XElement("Model", dataset.GetString(DicomTag.ManufacturerModelName)),
                new XElement("StationName", dataset.GetString(DicomTag.StationName)),
                new XElement("Institution", dataset.GetString(DicomTag.InstitutionName))
            )
        );
        
        return summary.ToString();
    }
}

Batch spracovanie pre podnikateľskú migráciu

Zaobchádzať s veľkoobchodnou konverziou DICOM na XML pre systémové migrácie:

public class EnterpriseMigrationService
{
    public async Task MigrateDicomArchiveToXml(
        string sourceDirectory,
        string targetDirectory,
        int maxParallelism = 4)
    {
        Directory.CreateDirectory(targetDirectory);
        
        var dicomFiles = Directory.GetFiles(sourceDirectory, "*.dcm", SearchOption.AllDirectories);
        
        var semaphore = new SemaphoreSlim(maxParallelism);
        var tasks = new List<Task>();
        var progress = 0;
        var total = dicomFiles.Length;

        foreach (var filePath in dicomFiles)
        {
            await semaphore.WaitAsync();
            
            tasks.Add(Task.Run(async () =>
            {
                try
                {
                    await ConvertSingleFile(filePath, sourceDirectory, targetDirectory);
                    
                    var current = Interlocked.Increment(ref progress);
                    if (current % 100 == 0)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine($"Progress: {current}/{total} files processed");
                    }
                }
                finally
                {
                    semaphore.Release();
                }
            }));
        }

        await Task.WhenAll(tasks);
        
        Console.WriteLine($"Migration complete: {total} files processed");
    }

    private async Task ConvertSingleFile(
        string sourcePath, 
        string sourceRoot, 
        string targetRoot)
    {
        try
        {
            DicomFile dicomFile = DicomFile.Open(sourcePath);
            
            // Preserve directory structure
            string relativePath = Path.GetRelativePath(sourceRoot, sourcePath);
            string targetPath = Path.Combine(targetRoot, 
                Path.ChangeExtension(relativePath, ".xml"));
            
            Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.GetDirectoryName(targetPath));
            
            var options = new DicomXmlSerializerOptions { WriteIndented = true };
            
            using (var stream = new FileStream(targetPath, FileMode.Create))
            {
                DicomXmlSerializer.Serialize(stream, dicomFile.Dataset, options);
            }
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            // Log error but continue processing
            await File.AppendAllTextAsync(
                Path.Combine(targetRoot, "errors.log"),
                $"{DateTime.Now}: {sourcePath} - {ex.Message}\n");
        }
    }
}

ASP.NET Core API pre konverziu XML

Vytvorte webové koncové body pre konverziu na požiadanie:

[ApiController]
[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class DicomXmlController : ControllerBase
{
    [HttpPost("convert")]
    [Produces("application/xml")]
    public async Task<IActionResult> ConvertToXml(IFormFile file)
    {
        if (file == null || file.Length == 0)
        {
            return BadRequest("No DICOM file provided");
        }

        var tempPath = Path.GetTempFileName();
        try
        {
            using (var stream = new FileStream(tempPath, FileMode.Create))
            {
                await file.CopyToAsync(stream);
            }

            DicomFile dicomFile = DicomFile.Open(tempPath);
            
            var options = new DicomXmlSerializerOptions { WriteIndented = true };
            string xml = DicomXmlSerializer.Serialize(dicomFile.Dataset, options);

            return Content(xml, "application/xml");
        }
        finally
        {
            System.IO.File.Delete(tempPath);
        }
    }

    [HttpPost("to-hl7")]
    [Produces("application/xml")]
    public async Task<IActionResult> ConvertToHl7(IFormFile file)
    {
        if (file == null || file.Length == 0)
        {
            return BadRequest("No DICOM file provided");
        }

        var tempPath = Path.GetTempFileName();
        try
        {
            using (var stream = new FileStream(tempPath, FileMode.Create))
            {
                await file.CopyToAsync(stream);
            }

            var bridge = new DicomHl7Bridge();
            string hl7Xml = bridge.ConvertToHl7CompatibleXml(tempPath);

            return Content(hl7Xml, "application/xml");
        }
        finally
        {
            System.IO.File.Delete(tempPath);
        }
    }

    [HttpPost("from-xml")]
    public async Task<IActionResult> ConvertFromXml()
    {
        using var reader = new StreamReader(Request.Body);
        string xml = await reader.ReadToEndAsync();

        try
        {
            DicomDataset dataset = DicomXmlSerializer.Deserialize(xml);
            DicomFile dicomFile = new DicomFile(dataset);

            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
            dicomFile.Save(memoryStream);
            memoryStream.Position = 0;

            return File(memoryStream, "application/dicom", "converted.dcm");
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            return BadRequest($"Invalid XML: {ex.Message}");
        }
    }
}

XML validácia so schémou

Validácia konvertovaného XML proti prispôsobenej schémy:

using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Schema;

public class DicomXmlValidator
{
    private readonly XmlSchemaSet _schemaSet;
    private readonly List<string> _validationErrors;

    public DicomXmlValidator(string schemaPath)
    {
        _schemaSet = new XmlSchemaSet();
        _schemaSet.Add(null, schemaPath);
        _validationErrors = new List<string>();
    }

    public bool ValidateXml(string xml, out List<string> errors)
    {
        _validationErrors.Clear();
        
        var settings = new XmlReaderSettings
        {
            ValidationType = ValidationType.Schema,
            Schemas = _schemaSet
        };
        
        settings.ValidationEventHandler += (sender, e) =>
        {
            _validationErrors.Add($"{e.Severity}: {e.Message}");
        };

        try
        {
            using (var stringReader = new StringReader(xml))
            using (var xmlReader = XmlReader.Create(stringReader, settings))
            {
                while (xmlReader.Read()) { }
            }
        }
        catch (XmlException ex)
        {
            _validationErrors.Add($"XML Error: {ex.Message}");
        }

        errors = new List<string>(_validationErrors);
        return errors.Count == 0;
    }
}

Najlepšie postupy

Pri konverzii DICOM na XML pre integráciu zdravotnej starostlivosti:

  • Zachovávajte kódovanie: Uistite sa, že sa šifrovanie charakteru správne spracováva, najmä pre medzinárodné mená pacientov
  • Obchod binárnych údajov: Veľké pixelové údaje by sa mali odkazovať vonku namiesto toho, aby boli vložené do XML
  • Validácia výstupu: Použite validáciu schémy XML pre kritické integrácie bodov
  • Consider Performance: Pre veľké archívy použite streamovanie serializácie a paralelné spracovanie
  • Mapovanie dokumentov: Udržujte jasnú dokumentáciu toho, ako DICOM označuje mapu do vašej štruktúry XML

Záver

Konverzia súborov DICOM do XML umožňuje integráciu s systémami zdravotnej starostlivosti podniku, HL7 správy a dedičstva aplikácií. Aspose.Medical pre .NET poskytuje robustné serializácie schopnosti s podporou pre konverziu okrúhleho trupu, zabezpečenie integrity údajov cez formátové transformácie. Či už budujete integračné mosty, migrácia údajov, alebo pripojenie k nemocničným informačným systémom, tieto metódy konverzie XML poskytujú pevnú základňu pre interoperabilitu zdravotníctva.

Pre viac informácií o serializácii DICOM XML navštívte Aspose.Medicínska dokumentácia.

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